What phenomenon occurs when an object increases in volume due to an increase in thermal energy?

The phenomenon that occurs when an object increases in volume due to an increase in thermal energy is known as thermal expansion. When the temperature of a substance rises, its particles gain kinetic energy and move more vigorously. This increased motion typically causes the particles to push apart from one another, resulting in an increase in the overall volume of the material.

Thermal expansion is a critical concept in various scientific fields and practical applications. For example, it explains why metal rail tracks have gaps to allow for expansion on hot days, preventing bending or warping. Understanding this phenomenon is essential in engineering and construction, as materials behave differently with temperature changes.

The other concepts listed do not accurately describe the process of volume increase due to thermal energy. Thermal contraction refers to the decrease in volume as temperature drops, which is the opposite of what occurs during thermal expansion. Thermal stabilization and thermal balance do not represent changes in volume but rather describe states of equilibrium concerning temperature and thermal energy distribution.