What does amplitude refer to in a wave?

Amplitude refers to the maximum extent of a wave's oscillation, which is represented by the height from the equilibrium position to the crest (or the depth to the trough) of the wave. It is a crucial characteristic that indicates the energy of the wave; higher amplitude means more energy. In sound waves, for example, greater amplitude corresponds to a louder sound, while in water waves, higher amplitude results in taller waves. Therefore, identifying amplitude as the height or depth of the wave accurately captures its definition and significance in wave behavior.