What do you call the current that moves particles carrying thermal energy?

The term that describes the current moving particles carrying thermal energy is "convection current." This phenomenon occurs in fluids (liquids and gases) where warmer, less dense areas rise while cooler, denser areas sink. As warm fluid rises, it carries thermal energy with it, creating a continuous cycle that distributes heat throughout the fluid. This process is essential in various natural and artificial systems, such as weather patterns, ocean currents, and heating systems.

The other terms provided do not accurately describe the movement of thermal energy in this context. "Conduction wave" implies a different process where heat is transferred through direct contact, not through the movement of fluid particles. "Thermal gradient" refers to the difference in temperature that exists within a medium but does not denote the movement of particles. "Electromagnetic flow" typically describes the movement of charged particles in the presence of electromagnetic fields and does not pertain specifically to the transfer of thermal energy through fluids. Thus, convection current is the appropriate term for this process.