What device uses microwaves and their reflection to determine speed and position?

The device that uses microwaves and their reflection to determine speed and position is radar. Radar, which stands for Radio Detection and Ranging, functions by emitting microwave signals that reflect off objects and return to the source. By analyzing the time it takes for the echoes to return and the change in frequency of the reflected waves (due to the Doppler effect), radar can accurately determine not only the distance to the object but also its speed and direction.

In contrast, sonar operates based on sound waves rather than electromagnetic waves, making it suitable for underwater exploration rather than measuring speed and position in the air or in space. Lasers utilize light in the visible spectrum and do not operate with microwaves, focusing on precision measurements rather than speed. Telescopes are primarily designed for observing distant celestial objects and do not involve the principles of wave reflection used in radar technology.